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Stiffness analysis and experimental validation of robotic systems

Giuseppe CARBONE

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2011年第6卷第2期页码 182-196 doi: 10.1007/s11465-011-0221-3

摘要：

Stiffness can be considered of primary importance in order to guarantee the successful use of any robotic system for a given task. Therefore, this paper proposes procedures for carrying out both numerical and experimental estimations of stiffness performance for multibody robotic systems. The proposed numerical procedure is based on models with lumped parameters for deriving the Cartesian stiffness matrix. Stiffness performance indices are also proposed for comparing stiffness performance. Then, an experimental procedure for the evaluation stiffness performance is proposed as based on a new measuring system named as Milli-CATRASYS (Milli Cassino Tracking System) and on a trilateration technique. Cases of study are reported to show the soundness and engineering feasibility of both the proposed numerical formulation for stiffness analysis and experimental validation of stiffness performance.

关键词： robotics stiffness performance numerical and experimental estimations

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Water pumping analysis and experimental validation of beach well infiltration intake system in a seawater

Huan ZHANG,Shu LIU,Xuejing ZHENG,Gaofeng CHEN

《能源前沿（英文）》 2015年第9卷第3期页码 335-342 doi: 10.1007/s11708-015-0365-7

摘要： Based on energy conservation equation and Darcy’s law, a model of beach well infiltration intake system applied in a seawater source heat pump system was established. The model consists of the seawater seepage and the heat transfer process. A porous medium model in a software named FLUENT was applied to simulate the seepage and the heat transfer process. This model was also validated by field experiment conducted on the seashore in Tianjin, China. The maximum relative error between simulation results and experimental results was 2.1% (less than 5%), which was acceptable in engineering application. The porosity and coefficient of thermal conductivity of the aquifer soil were determined to be 0.49 W/(m·K) and 1.46 W/(m·K), respectively in the simulation. In addition, the influencing factors of pumping water of beach well were also analyzed. The pumping water was found to increase when the distance between the beach well and the impervious boundary becomes longer, when the distance between the beach well and the supplying water source shortens, when the diameter of the beach well enlarges, and the drawdown enlarges.

关键词： water pumping analysis experimental validation infiltration intake system seawater source heat pump

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consistent geometric decomposition theorem to dynamic finite element of 3D composite beam based on experimental

Iman FATTAHI, Hamid Reza MIRDAMADI, Hamid ABDOLLAHI

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2020年第14卷第3期页码 675-689 doi: 10.1007/s11709-020-0625-4

摘要： Analyzing static and dynamic problems including composite structures has been of high significance in research efforts and industrial applications. In this article, equivalent single layer approach is utilized for dynamic finite element procedures of 3D composite beam as the building block of numerous composite structures. In this model, both displacement and strain fields are decomposed into cross-sectional and longitudinal components, called consistent geometric decomposition theorem. Then, the model is discretized using finite element procedures. Two local coordinate systems and a global one are defined to decouple mechanical degrees of freedom. Furthermore, from the viewpoint of consistent geometric decomposition theorem, the transformation and element mass matrices for those systems are introduced here for the first time. The same decomposition idea can be used for developing element stiffness matrix. Finally, comprehensive validations are conducted for the theory against experimental and numerical results in two case studies and for various conditions.

关键词： composite beam dynamic finite element degrees of freedom coupling experimental validation numerical validation

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Experimental and computational validation of a scaled train tunnel model using modal analysis

Janice B. D’SOUZA, Sangarapillai KANAPATHIPILLAI

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2013年第8卷第4期页码 420-428 doi: 10.1007/s11465-013-0281-7

摘要：

Acoustic engineers are faced with the challenge of minimising reverberation time in their designs so as to contribute to the health and well-being of those traveling by train and those on the platforms. Although the problem is easy to identify, it is not as simple to solve. The acoustical environment of a train tunnel is complex, with a variety of noise contributing factors such as train announcements, speech of commuters, ventilation systems, electrical equipment and wheel and rail noise. As a result, there is some difficulty in modeling the complete acoustic environment with computational or acoustic first principles. In this study, an experimental rig was constructed to model the acoustic behavior within a tunnel. The modal properties for the 300 Hz to 1500 Hz range, including resonances and mode shapes were identified and were shown to successfully correspond to theoretical results and a computational model created in COMSOL using Finite Element Analysis.

关键词： reverberation time acoustic environment modal properties resonances

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车桥耦合动力分析方法及验证

张楠, 田园, 夏禾

《工程（英文）》 2016年第2卷第4期页码 528-536 doi: 10.1016/J.ENG.2016.04.012

摘要：

本文系统研究了车桥耦合动力系统的分析方法。随着铁路技术的发展，车桥耦合动力分析日臻成熟，此类研究对评判桥梁设计方案、确保列车运行的安全性与平稳性具有重要意义。车桥耦合动力研究中考虑轨道不平顺、结构变形、风荷载、撞击荷载、结构损伤、基础冲刷和地震等因素的影响，其研究方法主要包括解析法、数值模拟法以及试验研究法三类。本文的车辆子系统模型以刚体动力学方法建立，桥梁子系统模型以有限元方法建立，竖向与横向轮轨关系分别以轮轨密贴假定和 Kalker 线性蠕滑理论定义。车桥耦合动力方程以全过程迭代法求解。算例讨论了CRH380BL 高速列车通过我国标准设计桥梁的动力响应，计算了车速200~400 km·h^-1 范围内车辆与桥梁子系统的动力响应，并分析了振动发生的机理。

关键词：车桥耦合系统轮轨关系全过程迭代法现场试验验证

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Erratum to ‘‘Modeling and Experimental Validation of the Electron Beam Selective Melting Erratum

Wentao Yan, Ya Qian, Weixin Ma, Bin Zhou, Yongxing Shen, Feng Lin

《工程（英文）》 2018年第4卷第1期页码 164-164 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2017.12.012

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Service life prediction of fly ash concrete using an artificial neural network

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2021年第15卷第3期页码 793-805 doi: 10.1007/s11709-021-0717-9

摘要： Carbonation is one of the most aggressive phenomena affecting reinforced concrete structures and causing their degradation over time. Once reinforcement is altered by carbonation, the structure will no longer fulfill service requirements. For this purpose, the present work estimates the lifetime of fly ash concrete by developing a carbonation depth prediction model that uses an artificial neural network technique. A collection of 300 data points was made from experimental results available in the published literature. Backpropagation training of a three-layer perceptron was selected for the calculation of weights and biases of the network to reach the desired performance. Six parameters affecting carbonation were used as input neurons: binder content, fly ash substitution rate, water/binder ratio, CO₂ concentration, relative humidity, and concrete age. Moreover, experimental validation carried out for the developed model shows that the artificial neural network has strong potential as a feasible tool to accurately predict the carbonation depth of fly ash concrete. Finally, a mathematical formula is proposed that can be used to successfully estimate the service life of fly ash concrete.

关键词： concrete fly ash carbonation neural networks experimental validation service life

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Structural optimization of filament wound composite pipes

Roham RAFIEE; Reza SHAHZADI; Hossein SPERESP

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第8期页码 1056-1069 doi: 10.1007/s11709-022-0868-3

摘要： An optimization procedure is developed for obtaining optimal structural design of filament wound composite pipes with minimum cost utilized in pressurized water and waste-water pipelines. First, the short-term and long-term design constraints dictated by international standards are identified. Then, proper computational tools are developed for predicting the structural properties of the composite pipes based on the design architecture of layers. The developed computational tools are validated by relying on experimental analysis. Then, an integrated design-optimization process is developed to minimize the price as the main objective, taking into account design requirements and manufacturing limitations as the constraints and treating lay-up sequence, fiber volume fraction, winding angle, and the number of total layers as design variables. The developed method is implemented in various case studies, and the results are presented and discussed.

关键词： composite pipes optimization experimental validation computational modeling filament winding

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Test-driven verification/validation of model transformations

László LENGYEL,Hassan CHARAF

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2015年第16卷第2期页码 85-97 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1400111

摘要： Why is it important to verify/validate model transformations? The motivation is to improve the quality of the transformations, and therefore the quality of the generated software artifacts. Verified/validated model transformations make it possible to ensure certain properties of the generated software artifacts. In this way, verification/validation methods can guarantee different requirements stated by the actual domain against the generated/modified/optimized software products. For example, a verified/validated model transformation can ensure the preservation of certain properties during the model-to-model transformation. This paper emphasizes the necessity of methods that make model transformation verified/validated, discusses the different scenarios of model transformation verification and validation, and introduces the principles of a novel test-driven method for verifying/validating model transformations. We provide a solution that makes it possible to automatically generate test input models for model transformations. Furthermore, we collect and discuss the actual open issues in the field of verification/validation of model transformations.

关键词： Graph rewriting based model transformations Verification/validation Test-driven verification

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Model validation for structural dynamics in the aero-engine design process

Chaoping ZANG, D. J. EWINS,

《能源前沿（英文）》 2009年第3卷第4期页码 480-488 doi: 10.1007/s11708-009-0043-8

摘要： A model validation technique in structural dynamics and its application in aero-engine development is introduced. The concept and the approaches of model validation based on reference data supplied from experimental tests or from supermodel simulation are discussed in detail. An aero-engine component is used as an example to demonstrate the validation using the experimental test and supermodel information, respectively. A satisfactory agreement with both approaches is achieved, and finally, a strategy of model validation for the whole engine model is introduced.

关键词： model validation aero-engine structural dynamics

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Innate immune checkpoint Siglec10 in cancers: mining of comprehensive omics data and validation in patient

《医学前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第4期页码 596-609 doi: 10.1007/s11684-021-0868-z

摘要： Sialic acid binding Ig-like lectin 10 (Siglec10) is a member of innate immune checkpoints that inhibits the activation of immune cells through the interaction with its ligand CD24 on tumor cells. Here, by analyzing public databases containing 64 517 patients of 33 cancer types, we found that the expression of Siglec10 was altered in 18 types of cancers and was associated with the clinical outcomes of 11 cancer types. In particular, Siglec10 was upregulated in patients with kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC) and was inversely associated with the prognosis of the patients. In 131 KIRC patients of our settings, Siglec10 was elevated in the tumor tissues of 83 (63.4%) patients compared with that in their counterpart normal kidney tissues. Moreover, higher level of Siglec10 was associated with advanced disease (stages III and IV) and worse prognosis. Silencing of CD24 in KIRC cells significantly increased the number of Siglec10-expressing macrophages phagocytosing KIRC cells. In addition, luciferase activity assays suggested that Siglec10 was a potential target of the transcription factors c-FOS and GATA1, which were identified by data mining. These results demonstrate that Siglec10 may have important oncogenic functions in KIRC, and represents a novel target for the development of immunotherapies.

关键词： innate immune checkpoint Siglec10 kidney renal clear cell carcinoma

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Model validation and application

Rongrong ZHANG,Chesheng ZHAN,Xiaomeng SONG,Baolin LIU

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2015年第9卷第6期页码 1025-1035 doi: 10.1007/s11783-014-0655-z

摘要： Part I of this study develops an enhanced environmental multimedia modeling system (EMMS) based on fuzzy-set approach. Once the model development is complete, the composite module and the entire modeling system need to be tested and validated to ensure that the model can simulate natural phenomena with reasonable and reliable accuracy. The developed EMMS is first tested in a complete case study. And then verification results are conducted to compare with extensively researched literature data. In the third step, the data from an experimental landfill site is used for a pilot-scale validation. The comparisons between EMMS outputs and the literature data indicate that the EMMS can perform accurate modeling simulation. The modules of EMMS could support the entire environmental multimedia modeling system. Further field-scale validation is finished. The results are satisfactory. Most of the modeling yields closely match the monitoring data collected from sites. In addition, with the aid of fuzzy-set approach, EMMS can be a reliable and powerful tool to address the complex environmental multimedia pollution problems and provide an extensive support for decision makers in managing the contaminated environmental systems.

关键词： environmental multimedia modelling system fuzzy-set approach application model validation uncertainty analysis

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Reliability prediction and its validation for nuclear power units in service

Jinyuan SHI,Yong WANG

《能源前沿（英文）》 2016年第10卷第4期页码 479-488 doi: 10.1007/s11708-016-0425-7

摘要： In this paper a novel method for reliability prediction and validation of nuclear power units in service is proposed. The equivalent availability factor is used to measure the reliability, and the equivalent availability factor deducting planed outage hours from period hours and maintenance factor are used for the measurement of inherent reliability. By statistical analysis of historical reliability data, the statistical maintenance factor and the undetermined parameter in its numerical model can be determined. The numerical model based on the maintenance factor predicts the equivalent availability factor deducting planed outage hours from period hours, and the planed outage factor can be obtained by using the planned maintenance days. Using these factors, the equivalent availability factor of nuclear power units in the following 3 years can be obtained. Besides, the equivalent availability factor can be predicted by using the historical statistics of planed outage factor and the predicted equivalent availability factor deducting planed outage hours from period hours. The accuracy of the reliability prediction can be evaluated according to the comparison between the predicted and statistical equivalent availability factors. Furthermore, the reliability prediction method is validated using the nuclear power units in North American Electric Reliability Council (NERC) and China. It is found that the relative errors of the predicted equivalent availability factors for nuclear power units of NERC and China are in the range of –2.16% to 5.23% and –2.15% to 3.71%, respectively. The method proposed can effectively predict the reliability index in the following 3 years, thus providing effective reliability management and maintenance optimization methods for nuclear power units.

关键词： nuclear power units in service reliability reliability prediction equivalent availability factors

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电子束选区熔化过程的建模研究及实验验证

闫文韬, 钱亚, 马维馨, 周斌, 沈泳星, 林峰

《工程（英文）》 2017年第3卷第5期页码 701-707 doi: 10.1016/J.ENG.2017.05.021

摘要：

电子束选区熔化技术（EBSM）是一种很有潜力的增材制造（AM）技术。EBSM 由三个主要步骤组成：铺设粉层、预热至粉末略烧结和选区熔化粉末床。这些步骤中涉及高度瞬态多物理场现象，给原位实验的观察和测量带来了重大挑战。利用了高保真模型和后处理实验，来增强对各个步骤中物理机制的理解。模型模拟了实际制造过程，包括：使用离散元法（DEM）的铺粉模型、粉末烧结（固态烧结）的相场（PF）模型和使用有限体积法（FVM）的粉末熔化（液态烧结）模型。本文对所有主要步骤进行了全面的分析，这些分析很少有人报道过。初步模拟结果（包括粉末颗粒在粉末床内的堆积、颗粒之间烧结颈的形成和单道成形缺陷）与实验结果基本一致，表明该模型可以诠释所述机制，并能够指导实验设置和制造过程的设计和优化。

关键词：建模电子束增材制造粉末尺度

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Assessment and validation of liquid breakup models for high-pressure dense diesel sprays

Yi REN,Xianguo LI

《能源前沿（英文）》 2016年第10卷第2期页码 164-175 doi: 10.1007/s11708-016-0407-9

摘要： Liquid breakup in fuel spray and atomization significantly affects the consequent mixture formation, combustion behavior, and emission formation processes in a direct injection diesel engine. In this paper, different models for liquid breakup processes in high-pressure dense diesel sprays and its impact on multi-dimensional diesel engine simulation have been evaluated against experimental observations, along with the influence of the liquid breakup models and the sensitivity of model parameters on diesel sprays and diesel engine simulations. It is found that the modified Kelvin-Helmholtz (KH)–Rayleigh-Taylor (RT) breakup model gives the most reasonable predicted results in both engine simulation and high-pressure diesel spray simulation. For the standard KH-RT model, the model constant for the breakup length has a significant effect on the predictability of the model, and a fixed value of the constant cannot provide a satisfactory result for different operation conditions. The Taylor-analogy-breakup (TAB) based models and the RT model do not provide reasonable predictions for the characteristics of high-pressure sprays and simulated engine performance and emissions.

关键词： breakup model diesel engine high-pressure injection simulations